European+Nationalism

[[image:euro10_louis_philippe.jpg caption="This is a painting of Louis Phillip, the citizen king."]]
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 * “When France has a cold, all Europe sneezes” Klemens Von Metternich ||

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European Nationalism started with the congress of Vienna, great powers of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, whose goal was to restore lawful monarchs in order to keep peace and stability. They had hoped that this would create a balance of power so no single nation could rule Europe to maintain the balance of power created, the concert of Europe, meetings based on conservation, adopted the principle of intervention. Conservative governments throughout Europe had worked to maintain order but liberalism and nationalism were also at work in opposition. =====

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In 1830 liberalism and nationalism had begun to break through conservative domination in Europe. For example, Bourbon monarchs were overthrown in France and a constitutional monarchy was formed. A second republic had been set up in France with a single legislature elected by a universal male suffrage. Other countries had revolutions as well such as German Sates, central Europe (a multinational state with a collection of different people) and Italian states. =====

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By 1871, Italy and Germany united because of the Crimean war consisting of Russia against the Ottoman Empire. In France 1852, Louis-Napoleon assumed the title Napoleon III, Emperor of France. The Austrian Empire was a multinational empire but not after Hapsburg crushed the revolutions of 1848 and 1849 an autocratic government was restored. In in 1867 a dual monarchy was created of Austria-Hungary. In the United States, the Federalists and Republicans opposed each other because federalists were for a strong central government while republicans were not. Soon slavery held much controversy. When Lincoln became president in November 1860, southern states wanted to secede starting the civil war in 1861. =====





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Give me the ready hand rather than the ready tongue. ~ Giuseppe Garibaldi



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__Otto Van Bismarck:__ a German statesman who unified numerous German states into a powerful Empire under Prussian leadership, then created a "balance of power" that preserved peace in Europe from 1871 until 1914. =====

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__Louis-Philippe:__ was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the July Monarchy. fled France as a young man and spent 21 years in exile, including considerable time in the United States. =====

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__William I:__ 1028–1087, also known as William the Conqueror, was the first Norman King of England from 1066 until 1087. He was also Duke of Normandy from 3 July 1035 until his death, under the name William II. =====

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__Carl Schurz:__ "My country, right or wrong; if right, to be kept right; and if wrong, to be set right." 1829–1906 was a German revolutionary, American statesman and reformer, and Union Army General in the American Civil War. =====



Terms:


 * 1) __Conservatism__- a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports at the most, minimal and gradual change in society.
 * 2) __Principle of Intervention__- stated the great powers had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones.
 * 3)  __Liberalism__- is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism.
 * 4)  __Militarism__- the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
 * 5)  __Plebiscite__- a direct vote in which an entire group is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, an amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy.
 * 6)  __Emancipation__- a broad term used to describe various efforts to obtain political rights or equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally in discussion of such matters.
 * 7) __Abolitionism__- is the movement to stop or abolish slavery which arose in the North and challenged the Southern way of life.
 * 8)  __Secede__- is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.
 * 9)  __British North America Acts__- the original names of a series of acts at the core of the constitution of Canada. They were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Parliament of Canada.
 * 10)  __Concert of Europe__- also known as the Congress System after the Congress of Vienna, was the balance of power that existed in Europe, from the end of the Napoleonic Wars(1815) to the outbreak of World War 1(1914).



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