The+Cold+war

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====**__1.Nikita Khrushchev:__** 1894 –1971 led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War. He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for 11 years, was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union====

**__4.Charles de Gaulle__**: 1890 –1970 led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President
====**__5.Dean Acheson:__** 1893 –1971 played a big role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War helped make the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine==== ====**__6.Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn__**: 1918 –2008 was a writer, who helped to raise global awareness of the gulag. in The Gulag Archipelago and One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, two of his best-known works.====

**__10.Simone Beauvoir__**: 1908 –1986, was a French philosopher,. did not consider herself one but contributions have solidified her legacy as a philosopher and feminist.
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=== The Cold War was a tension between the Western world, led by the United States and allies, and the communist world, led by the Soviet Union and its allies. This started after the success of their wartime alliance, which lasted temporarily, against Nazi Germany. This left the USSR and the US as two superpowers with great economic and political differences.. The post-war recovery of Western Europe was the Marshall Plan, created in the US, while the Soviet Union set up COMECON. The United States tried using a method to contain communism such as the Truman Doctrine suggested, while the Soviets formed the Warsaw Pact in. === === Both sides possessed nuclear weapons, and because of this, they were both so scared to fire because it would end in mass destruction. Cycles of calm would be followed by high tension which could have led to war. The conflict was seen through military alliances, strategic deployments, aid to allies or potential allies, espionage, massive propaganda campaigns, conventional and nuclear arms races, and technological competitions such as the Space Race. === === In the 1980s, the United States increased all kinds of pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the nation was already suffering from economic hardships. In the late 1980s, Soviet President Gorbachev introduced the liberalizing reforms of perestroika ("reconstruction”) and glasnost ("openness”). This opened the country and its satellite states to a wave of revolutions which culminated in the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, leaving the United States as the dominant military power. === media type="custom" key="17958086"

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 * Terms: **
 * __**General Assembly:**__ one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.
 * __**Truman Doctrine:**__ was a policy set forth by the U.S. President Truman in a speech on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S. would support Greece & Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into Soviet control.
 * __**Marshall Plan:**__ the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the US gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of WWII in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communism.
 * __**COMECON:**__ an economic organization under the organization of the Soviet Union comprising the countries of the Eastern Bloc along with a number of socialist states in the world.
 * __**Berlin Air Lift:**__ used when Soviets blocked the entrances to Berlin and cut off Allied supplies. US & British airplanes flew supplies into West Berlin over the blockade. A total of 1.5 million tons of supplies were delivered.
 * __**NATO:**__ the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The military provided mutual help if USA, Britain, France, Canada, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, or Norway was attacked.
 * __**Arms Race:**__ a competition between two or more parties for the best armed forces. Each party competes to produce larger numbers of weapons, greater armies, or superior military technology. In this case USA and USSR were competing against each other.
 * __**ICMB:**__ meaning intercontinental ballistic missiles. These had very long ranges and were typically for nuclear weapons. They had limited accuracy that allowed them to be used only against the largest targets such as cities.
 * __**Massive Retaliation:**__ also known as a massive response, it is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
 * **__Domino Theory:__** was a reason for war during the 1950s to 1980s, promoted at times by the government of the US, that speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow as well.

The Cold War isn't thawing; it is burning with a deadly heat. Communism isn't sleeping; it is, as always, plotting, scheming, working, fighting. Richard M Nixon

[|a timeline brought to you by think quest] [|history.com has videos, pictures, and facts on the cold war] [|cold war for kids-American Patriotism:success in America] [|the history learning site has a description of the nuclear weapons used in the cold war] [|George C. Marshall Foundation has a summery on Marshall and his plan]

[|ourdocuments.gov has the truman doctrine document ready to look at and explains more about it] [|thiquest has created a biography of nikita khrushchev] [|the king center explains all there is to know about martin luther king jr. and his work being a civil rights activist] [|stanford encyclopedia of philosophy has written a biography on simone de beuvoir] [|the historoy learning site has written a biography on imre nagy]