World+of+Islam

By: Amanda Levin & Abi Lundstrom 600-1500

A frieghtened Muhammad replied, "What shall I recite?" The angel responded, "In the name of thy lord the creator, who created mankind from a clot of blood, recite!" --(Glencoe's World History Book) **__Terms-__** **are suppose to live.** **__People-__**
 * 1) __Quran-__ **The** **holy book of religion of Islam where the revelations were recorded and written down. It contains guidelines and laws by which the followers of Allah**
 * 1) __Hajj-__ **A** **pilgramage to Makkah (the Holy place of worship) once a year, that all muslims are encouraged to go on if possible.**
 * 2) __Mosque-__ **A** **Muslim house of worship. (Hulegu had a strong hatred for Islam so he decided to burn many buildings including mosques)**
 * 3) __Dowry-__ **Islamic Men were required to give a very expensive** **gift of money or property for their soon bride-to-be.**
 * 4) __Astrolabe-__**An** **instrument used by sailors to determine location by position of the stars and planets. The astrolabe made it possible for Europeans to sail to America.**
 * 1) __Ibn Sina-__**He wrote a medical encyclopedia that stressed the contagious nature of certain diseases. It also showed how diseases could be spread by a contaminated water supply.**
 * 2) __Muslims-__**those who practice the religion of Islams. They practice the five pillars. It is a monotheistic religion articulated by the Quaran.**
 * 3) __Omar Khayyamn__-**wrote the Rubaiyat and 1001 Nights also called the Arabian Nights. He was a poet, mathmetician, and astronomer. He composed his poems orally**
 * 4) __Shiite-__**accept only the descendents of Ali as the true rulers of Islam. They believe that only God has the right to choose a reresentative to safeguard Islam.**
 * 5) __Sunni-__**do not agree with the Vmayyad rule but accepted the Vmayyads as the rulers. Sunni Muslim is sometimes refered to the orthodox version of Muslim.**

**Islam is the main religions in the Arabian Peninsula. It started when Muhammad became troubles by the greediness that surrounded him and the honesty and generosity mast people had. They were becoming further apart from one another. He went to meditate on a hill where Allah gave him messages. He believed that Allah had already presented himself to the Christian and Hebrew people and that Allah’s final messages were coming to him. The Quran became the holy book of the Islamic religion. Islam means peace through submission to the will of Allah. People that practice this religion are called Muslims. Muhammad later declared the Kaabe the sacred shrine of Islam. Islam sets itself apart from other monotheistic religions by believing that the first preacher was not divine or “god like”. Islam is not only a religion but it is considered a way of life. Life is lived by following expected principals for behavior. This is done by practicing the five pillars of Islam, belief, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage.**

**Spread further and further away from its origin. This was great however Muslims noticed how the Arab Islam people were treated differently than those that were Persian or Byzantium. This caused conflict creation two groups, the Shiites (those of Arab descent) and the Sunni (those of no Arab descent). Overall, people were considered equal. There were somewhat of social classed but nobody really discriminated or focused on this. The Quran made men and women equal with spirituality and in one’s social life. Men were a dominant figure in society though.**

**Philosophy, science, and history also played a large role in their society and the modern world. The works of some Greek philosophers had been translated into Arabic. Muslims passed on the concept of zero along with their number system known as the “Arabic” system. An Arab mathematician also created algebra which is still being taught. The Arabian Nights are stories and folktales of super natural events; and example would be Aladdin.**

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 * TIMELINE **
 * 630:** Mohammed returns to Mecca


 * 632:** Muhammad died


 * 635:** The Quran is compiled


 * 661:** Umayyads establish Islamic Empire


 * 732:** Arab forces defeated at the battle of Tours


 * 852:** Great Mosque of Samarra built


 * 900:** Arab scholars work at the House of Wisdom


 * 1187:** Saladin’s army invades Jerusalem


 * 1258:** Mongols capture Baghdad


 * 1382:** Ibn-Khaldun teaches at university in Cairo