Ancient+Greece



By: Amanda Levin & Abi Lundstrom 1900-133 B.C.

"Rejoice, we conquer!" "Victory we win!" -Pheidippides (When Athens won the Marathon Battle)



**__5 terms:__**
**1.__Democracy-__** A government by the people or rule by many, first democracy created in Athens. Some Greek city-states adapted to this new government. **2.__Epic-__** A long poem that tells the deed of a great hero.The //Iliad// and the //Odyssey// were the first great epic poems of early Greece. **3.__Hoplites-__** These were known as Heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soilders. Each carried a round shield, a short sword, and a spear about nine feet long. **4.__Tragedy-__** The first kind of Greek drama presented in a trilogy( a set of three plays), they were also built around a common theme **5.__Marathon-__** a battle that took place 26 miles from Athens where the Athinians defeated the Persians, Pheidipides ran back to tell of the victory

**__5 People:__**
**1.__Alexander the Great-__** invaded the Persian Empire and freed the Ionian city states of western Asia Minor, named the capitol of Egypt (Alexandria) after himself **2.__Achimedes-__** developed the mathmaticle concept pi and was an inventor, he made the Archimedes screw, a machine to pump water of large volume, and devices to repel attackers **3.__Homer-__** A blind poet who wrote two epics, the Illiad and the Odyssey, a major part of literature taught to students. **4.__Xerxes-__**Persian monarch who planned to invade Greece. Son of Darius 480 BC. He Created a huge invasion with a force of about 100,000-20,000 soldiers. **5.__Socrates-__** created the Socrates Method which is a question and answer format to make people see things for themselves using reason.

Greek civilization started with the Minoans around 2000 BC – 1450 BC. It was located in Crete and led by Minos. The city collapsed around 1400 BC most likely because of a volcano. The next civilization to exist in Greece was the Myceneans. This was around 1600 BC to 1100 BC. They had invaded the Greek mainland and conquered the Minoans. They had also fought the Trojan war against Troy by creating a hollow horse that soldiers would crawl into and then after the Trojans had brought in into the city gates, they jumped out and attacked them.

The next period that existed was the Dark Ages which lasted between 100 BC and 750 BC. The group of the Dorians evolved into Spartans who conquered Peloponnesus and Crete. The Dark Ages also consisted of a monarchy. During this time (492-479 BC) the Persian War took place. The Persian king Cyrus II conquered Ionian Greek city states around 546 BC. The first battle that took place was the battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The Persian emperor Dorius invaded Greece where the Greeks were outnumbered by 20,000. The battle of Thermopylae was about 480 BC where the Persians defeated the Spartan force 100,000 vs. 300. Macedonian later had some power in Greece when groups turned into a kingdom led by Phillip II. His son Alexander, later known as alexander the great, after his father died. This is when the Hellenistic era took place, or when Greek culture got spread to southwestern Asia and Egypt.

Athens and Sparta were some of the most important city-states in Greece. Sparta was by far the largest with 4000 square miles. Athens had 300,000 but only 3,000 people. This is because certain requirements had to be met to become a citizen. You had to be born in Athens, be 18 and have 2 years of military training. media type="youtube" key="_rEH7cINmzQ" width="425" height="350" [|this site tells all about Ancient Greece from mythologies to Olympics] [|this site tell about Homer's Illiad and Odyssey] [|Myths and ledgends from Ancient Greece] [|the British Museum has put together some information about Ancient Greece] [|this is all about Greek philosophy]

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__** TIMELINE **__

1900BC: Minoan civilization on Crete peaks

1300BC: Mycenaean civilization reaches its height

1250BC: According to Homer, Greeks sack Troy at the Trojan War

750BC: Dark Age of Greece ends

700BC: Athens becomes a unified polis

508BC: Worlds first Democratic government

500BC: Classical Greece flourishes

431BC: Great Peloponnesian War begins

405BC: Athenian Empire is destroyed

323BC: Alexander the Great dies at ages 32