Russian+Revolution

media type="custom" key="15378456" by JJ Abi and Alyssa 1917 - 1918

media type="custom" key="13570454"





media type="custom" key="13939116"





media type="custom" key="13570464"





media type="custom" key="13570510"



The **Russian Revolution** is the series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The czar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government in the first revolution of February 1917, March. In the second revolution, during October, the Provisional Government was replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government. The February Revolution (March 1917) was a revolution focused around Petrograd (St. Petersburg). In the chaos, members of the Duma assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government. The army leadership felt they did not have the tools to end the revolution. The Soviets initially permitted the Provisional Government to rule. The February Revolution took place in heavy military setbacks during the First World War. A period of dual power ensued, when the Provisional Government held state power while the national network of Soviets, led by socialists, had the allegiance of the lower-class citizens and the political left. During this time there were frequent mutinies and many strikes. When the Provisional Government chose to continue fighting the war with Germany, the Bolsheviks and other socialist factions campaigned for the abandonment of the war effort. The Bolsheviks formed workers militias under their control into the Red Army) over which they exerted substantial control. In the October Revolution, the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in St Petersburg. The Bolsheviks made themselves as leaders of various government ministries and took control of the countryside, establishing the Cheka to quash dissent. To end the war, the Bolshevik leadership signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany in March 1918. Civil war erupted between the "Red" (Bolshevik), and "White" (anti-Bolshevik) factions, which was to continue for several years, with the Bolsheviks ultimately victorious. The Revolution paved the way for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). While many historical events occurred in Moscow and St. Petersburg, there was also a movement in cities throughout the state, among national minorities throughout the empire, and in the rural areas, where peasants took over and redistributed land.



**TERMS**
> > > > >
 * 1) __White Forces:__ one of the politico-military Russian forces who fought the "Red" Bolsheviks in the former Russian Empire after the October Revolution, and then against the Red Army in the subsequent Russian Civil War (1917–23)
 * 2) __Red Forces: __started out as the Soviet Union 's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.
 * 3) __Bloody Sunday:__ was a massacre on Jan. 22, 1905 in St. Petersburg, Russia where unarmed, peaceful demonstrators marching to present a petition to Czar were gunned down by the Imperial Guard while approaching the city center and the Winter Palace from several gathering points.
 * 4)  __ October Manifesto: __addressed the unrest in Russia and pledged to grant civil liberties to the people: including personal immunity, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of association.
 * 5) __Revolution:__ means turn around, and is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.
 * 6) __Communism:__ is a revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless [|social order] [|structured] upon common ownership of the means of production, as well as a social , political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of this social order.
 * 7) __Alexandra:__ best remembered as the last Tsarof Russia, as one of the most famous royal carriers of the hemophlia disease and for her support of autocratic control over the country. Her notorious friendship with the Russian mystic, Grigori Rasputin, was also an important factor in her life.
 * 8) __V.I. Lenin:__ was a  Russian Marxist revolutionary  and  communist politician  who led the October Revolution of 1917 . As leader of the Bolsheviks, he headed the Soviet state during its initial years (1917–1924)
 * 9) __ Bolsheviks: __ were the majority faction in a crucial vote, hence their name. They ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution  phase of th e Russian Revolution of 1917.
 * 10) __Petrograd:__ Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.

** PEOPLE **
====** 1. __Nicholas II:__ 1868 –1918 was the last Emperor of Russia, Grand Prince of Finland, King of Poland.[2] His official short title was Nicholas II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russia, he ruled from 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. **==== ====** 2. __Vladimir Lenin:__ 1870 –1924 was a Russian communist politician who led the October Revolution of 1917. leader of the Bolsheviks, headed the Soviet state during its beginning years (1917–1924), as it fought to gain control of Russia in the Russian Civil War and worked to create a socialist economic system **====

** 4. __Alexander Kerensky:__ 1881-1970 was a major political leader before and during the Russian Revolutions of 1917 served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government **
====** 5. __Leon Trotsky:__ 1879 –1940 was a Russian revolutionary and theorist, Soviet politician, and the founder and first leader of the Red Army, initially a supporter of the Mensheviks. Joined the Bolsheviks before the 1917 October Revolution, and eventually became a leader within **==== ====** 6. __Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova:__ 1872 –1918 was Empress of Russia as the wife of Nicholas II, the last Emperor of the Russian Empire. Born a granddaughter of Queen Victoria best remembered as the last Tsarina of Russia, **==== ====** 7. __John "Jack" Reed:__ 1887 –1920 was an American journalist, poet, and communist activist, best remembered for his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution, Ten Days that Shook the World. He was married to writer and feminist Louise Bryant **==== ====** 8. __The Bolsheviks:__ were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903, came to power in Russia during the October Revolution of 1917 **==== ====** 9. __The Mensheviks__: part of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a disagreement between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov. The dispute started at the Second Congress of that party Martov's supporters, who were in the minority in a crucial vote on the question of party membership, came to be called "Mensheviks", derived from a Russian word meaning "minority **==== ====** 10. __Grand Duchess Anastasia:__ 1901 –1918 was the youngest daughter of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last sovereign of Imperial Russia, She was murdered with her family on July 17, 1918, by the Bolshevik secret police, rumors of her possible escape have circulated since her death, fueled by the fact that the location of her burial was unknown during the decades of Communist rule **====