Age+of+Imperialism

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**Alyssa, JJ, and Abi 1800's**





media type="custom" key="13570634" media type="custom" key="13570678" **European nations wanted to control lands that had raw materials they needed for their industrial economies. They also wanted to open up trade for the goods they made. Nationalism made people want empires as well. A nation often felt that gaining colonies was a measure of its power. Racism was another reason. Europeans thought that they were better than Africans. Also, Christian missionaries supported imperialism because they thought that European rule would end the slave trade and help them convert native people to Christianity.**

**As a result, Europe began to seize lands in Africa which technology helped them succeed. Steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made them able to go deep into Africa and still have contact with the home and newly developed machine guns gave them more power than the Africans. Finally, discovery of the medicine quinine gave doctors a weapon against malaria, which was exposed to Europeans.**

**In South Africa, three groups struggled over the land. In the early 1800s, the Zulu chief Shaka fought to win more land. Meanwhile, the British won control of the Dutch on the southern coast. Thousands of Boers moved north to escape the British. They fought the Zulus, whose land they were entering. At the end of the century, Boers fought a war with the British. The Boers lost, and they joined the British-run Union of South Africa.**





“You may fire when you are ready, Gridley.” George Dewey.

**PEOPLE** __1.Mohandas Gandhi__: 1869 –1948 was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement, use of non-violent resistance to tyrannical colonial rule through mass civil disobedience, saying, "I shall resist organized tyranny to the uttermost.", developed a model to fight for civil rights and freedom called satyagraha. __2.George Dewey__: (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War, only person in the history of the United States to have attained the rank of Admiral of the Navy, the most senior rank in the United States Navy. __3.David Livingstone__: 1813 –1873 a Scottish Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and an explorer in Africa Perhaps one of the most popular national heroes of the late 19th century in Victorian Britain, __4.Sir Henry Morton Stanley__: GCB, born John Rowland’s 1841 –1904, was a Welsh journalist and explorer famous for his exploration of Africa and his search for David Livingstone, finding Livingstone, Stanley allegedly uttered the now-famous greeting, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" __5.Shaka kaSenzangakhona:__ 1787-1828, also known as Shaka Zulu was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom. He is widely credited with uniting many of the Northern people into the Zulu Kingdom, his statesmanship marked him as one of the greatest Zulu kings. __6.Itō Hirobumi:__ October 1841 – 26 October 1909, also called Hirofumi/Hakubun and Shunsuke in his youth, Japanese statesman, four time Prime Minister of Japan (the 1st, 5th, 7th and 10th), was assassinated by a Korean nationalist __7.Millard Fillmore__: 1800 –1874 13th President of the United States (1850–1853) and the last member of the Whig Party to hold the office of president, opposed the proposal to keep slavery out of the territories annexed during the Mexican–American War in order to appease the South and so supported the Compromise of 1850, __8.Queen Victoria__: 1819 –1901 was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India. Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. __9.Puyi:__ 1906 – 1967), was the last Emperor of China, and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing Dynasty. His abdication in 1912 marked the end of centuries of dynastic rule in China, and he is also widely known as The Last Emperor. __10.Muhammad Ali:__ 1942 American former professional boxer, philanthropist and social activist, Considered a cultural icon, Ali was both idolized and vilified "I ain't got no quarrel with them Viet Cong... No Viet Cong ever called me nigger"





TERMS:

1. __Protectorate:__ territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity. In exchange for this, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations. 2. __Viceroy__: a royal official who runs a country, colony, or city state in the name of and as a representative of the monarch. The term derives from the Latin prefix // vice- //, meaning "in the place of". 3. __Zamindar__: was an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and held control over its peasants from whom the zamindars reserved the right to collect tax (often for military purposes). 4. __Sepoys__: formerly the designation given to an Indian soldier in the service of an European power. In the modern Indian Army, Pakistan Army, and Bangladesh Army, it remains in use for the rank of private soldier. 5.__Annexed__- incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous). Usually, it is implied that the territory and population being // annexed // is the smaller, more peripheral, and weaker of the two merging entities, barring physical size. 6.__Sphere of Influence__: a spatial region or conceptual division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence. 7. __Formosa__: an island in the western Pacific Ocean located off the southeast coast of mainland China. The main island has constituted over 99% of the territory controlled by the Republic of China afterits defeat during the Chinese Civil War in 1950, and the country is now commonly known as "Taiwan" 8.__Boers__- is the Dutch and Afrikaans word for farmer, which came to denote the descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier in Southern Africa during the 18th century. 9. __Warlords__- is a person with power who has both military and civil control over a subnational area due to armed forces loyal to the warlord and not to a central authority. 10. __Indian National Congress__- is one of the two major political parties in India.. It is the largest and one of the oldest democratic political parties in the world.



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[|small planet communications take on the age of imperialism with a navagatable website] [|McDougal-Littell 's brief chapter overview from 199] [|indepthinfo.com has a summary on imperialism with maps and pictures] [|an age of imperialism timeline] [|explorers of the millenium did a biography on David Livingston]